Improvement in copies for teaching penmanship



A. Aqcormarfw.A

COPIES FOR TEACHING LW-NIIIIANSHIPf No.17Z,971`. Patented Feb; 1,1876.,

w/// M//QW/ af a L/ UNITED STATES PATENT OrrIc-E.

ANTHONY A. c oNNoLLY, or wAsHINeToN, DIsTaIcT or COLUMBIA.

IMPROVEMENT IN COPIESFQR yTEACHING PENMANSHIP.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 172,971, dated February 1, 1876; application filed January 8, 1876.

To all 'whom it may concern Beit known that I, ANTHONYA.CONNOLLY, scratches are a disgrace to the modern system of Washington, in the county of Washington and District of Columbia, have invented a certain new andA useful Improvement in Copy- Books; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use it, reference being had tothe accompanying 1drawings, which form part of this specificaion.

The object of this invention is to facilitate the acquirement of a rapid, systematic, and graceful handwriting, by the education of the mind to a knowledge and just appreciation of the graceful forms and proportions of chirography, and through the practice, according'to a rational system, of the eye and hand in the rproduction of suitable models of penmans ip.

1t is well known'that in the acquirement of the art of writing under any system of penmanship great difiiculty is experienced in applying the rules upon which the system is based to the formation of perfect characters, iirst, on account of the inability of the pupil to appreciate the niceties of form and proportion; and, secondly, on account of the lack of the necessary mechanical skill to produce even that which is comprehended.

Rules require models to illustrate their application; butin the reproduction of the latter the rules are usually either forgotten or ignored in the tedious etfort to make a fac-simile of the model under the misleading guidance of the uneducated eye. Even Where the eye retains and conveys a true impression, it is next to impossible to follow with the pen all the characteristics of the model; hence, both rules and models become ineffective, except to a very limited extent.

That there are so many bad writers, even among those whose habits and occupation lead to a frequent use of the pen, is unmistakeably one of the evils of early training, or rather lack of training, and not the result of physical or mental defects. The technicalities of penmanship are few and simple, andA it is certainly unreasonable that, of the years of tedious practice usually spent, the result is an overwhelming proportion oi' scrawlers, whose illegible of education.

That there must be rules as Well as models is conceded; but, according to my improvement, the advantages of both are sought to be obtained by the provision of means wherely, from the very beginning, the pupil of any system of penmanship is actually compelled to adhere to all its rules, and to follow unerringly all its models.

My improvement, then, consists in the provisionf of a series of charts, copy-pages, or other devices, in the ordinary progressive 0rder and arrangement of the Spencerian or other system of copy-books having copperplate head-lines.

In addition to the head-lines I print upon each line, or at intervals below where the headline is to be reproduced, cert-ain portions of the latter-that is, of each of the characters; for instance, all the down-strokes, or all the up-strokes, or all the upperl or lower portions, leaving the unprinted portions to be filled in by the pen.

Now, the pupil at the outset, instead of having to copy the entire letter or all of the charter-a task seldom acceptably accomplished,

and never by one so unskilled as to require the guidance of a copy-book-has only to supply such portions as lie Within his ability to produce correctly, having at the point of his pen unerring guides for the proportions, angles, 85e., and at the top of the page a com'- plete model for the purposes of verilcation.

It will be seen at once that, while the pupil is compelled to copy correctly and to adhere strictly' to the rules, he is not reduced to a mere tracer, but has to exercise judgment and skill, through which self-reliance the system is rendered beneiicial in educating him to a knowledge of complete forms, and impressing upon his mind their essential characteristics, at the same time allowing him manual practice while relieving him of all unnecessary and injurious labor.

The accompanying illustrations sufficiently indicate the principle involved. The details of the system may be left to the judgment of experienced teachers; but it is thought that it maybe made most advantageously progressiveA representing lactual disconnected `fractional portions ofthe characters in the head-line, with intervening blank spaces, to be filled in by the pupil, substantially as described and shown.

In testimonyl that I claim the foregoingI have hereuntoset `my hand this 8th day of January, 1876.

ANTHONY A. coNNoLLY.

Witnesses MARTIN CoNNoLLY,

THos. A. GoNNoLLY. 

